Oncogenes are mutated genes that can cause normal cells to become cancerous. They usually help cells grow and divide but can lead to cancer when altered.
When oncogenes mutate, they become overactive. This causes cells to divide rapidly and uncontrollably, leading to tumor formation and cancer progression.
Examples include HER2 in breast cancer, RAS in various cancers, and MYC in leukemia. These genes play crucial roles in cell growth and division.
Oncogenes promote cell growth, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit it. Mutations in either can lead to cancer, but oncogenes specifically drive uncontrolled growth.
Techniques like genetic sequencing and PCR are used to identify oncogene mutations. Early detection helps in diagnosing and treating cancer more effectively.
Medications like tyrosine kinase inhibitors target specific oncogenes. These therapies can block the activity of oncogenes, slowing or stopping cancer growth.
Ongoing research focuses on discovering new oncogenes and developing targeted treatments. Advances in genomics are enhancing our understanding of cancer mechanisms.
While some cancers are genetic, many are influenced by lifestyle. Avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and regular screenings can reduce cancer risk.
Oncogenes play a key role in cancer development. Understanding them helps in early detection, targeted treatment, and improving cancer outcomes for patients.